What is Myopia?
Myopia, commonly known as nearsightedness, is a vision condition where objects close to the eye appear clear, while those at a distance are blurred. This occurs when the eye's shape causes light rays to bend (refract) incorrectly, focusing images in front of the retina instead of on it. Myopia can develop gradually or rapidly, often worsening during childhood and adolescence. Understanding and managing myopia is crucial for maintaining clear vision and overall eye health.
What Causes Myopia?
Myopia is primarily caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. A longer-than-normal eyeball or a too-curved cornea can lead to light focusing in front of the retina, causing nearsightedness. Environmental influences, such as prolonged close-up activities like reading, computer use, and lack of outdoor exposure, have also been linked to the development and progression of myopia in children and adolescents. Understanding these factors is essential for effective prevention and management strategies.
How Do We Manage Myopia?
Managing myopia involves a multifaceted approach to slow its progression and minimize its impact on vision. Strategies include prescription eyeglasses or contact lenses to correct vision, orthokeratology (ortho-k) lenses worn overnight to temporarily reshape the cornea, and atropine eye drops to slow myopia progression. Lifestyle changes, such as increasing outdoor time and reducing close-up work, can also be effective. In some cases, refractive surgery may be considered for older patients. Regular eye exams are crucial to monitor myopia and adjust treatment plans as needed.